Mark A. Ferrell(2)
Larry Van Tassell
Bozheng Yang
David E. Legg
John E. Lloyd
Summary of 1994 Wyoming Pesticide Use on Specific Crops 2
Pesticide Use on Sugarbeets. 3
Pesticide Use on Improved Pasture 4
Summary of Pesticide Use on Livestock 17
Appendix A (common and trade names of pesticides) 24
Index of Pesticides by Common Name 28
List of Tables
Table 1. Summary of Pesticide Use on Specific Crops 5
Table 2. Pesticide Use on Alfalfa (630,000 state harvested acres - 1994) 5
Table 3. Pesticide Use on Barley (110,000 state planted acres - 1994) 7
Table 4. Pesticide Use on Sugarbeets (63,000 state planted acres - 1994) 8
Table 5. Pesticide Use on Dry Beans (46,000 state planted acres - 1994) 9
Table 6. Pesticide Use on Corn (80,000 state planted acres - 1994) 10
Table 7. Pesticide Use on Oats (55,000 state planted acres - 1994) 11
Table 8. Pesticide Use on Wheat (225,000 state planted acres - 1994) 12
Table 9. Pesticide Use on Potatoes (1,700 state planted acres - 1994) 13
Table 10. Pesticide Use on Grass Hay (500,000 state harvested acres - 1994) 14
Table 11. Pesticide Use on Improved Pasture (279,516 survey acres - 1994) 15
Table 12. Pesticide Use on Rangeland (29,655,013 state acres) 16
Table 13. Summary of Pesticide Use on Livestock 17
Table 14. Pesticide Use on Cattle (1,390,000 state reported head - 1994) 18
Table 15. Pesticide Use on Horses (40,671 state reported head - 1992) 19
Table 16. Pesticide Use on Sheep (790,000 state reported head - 1994) 20
Table 17. Pesticide Use on Swine (51,000 state reported head - 1994) 21
"Agriculture ranks among the top three industries in Wyoming with an
estimated economic impact of well over $1 billion. Cash income from Wyoming
agriculture in 1994 totaled about $880 million. About 56 percent of Wyoming
land area or 34.6 million acres are controlled and operated by 9,200 farms
and ranches. Wyoming ranks ninth nationally in the land in farms and ranches
and second nationally in the average size of farms and ranches."(3)
"In 1994, 80 percent of Wyoming farm cash receipts ($621 million) came
from marketing of livestock and livestock products. Cattle and calves inventory
on January 1, 1995 totaled 1.39 million head, valued at $910 million. Wyoming
ranked 28th nationally in cattle inventory. The January 1, 1995 inventory
of sheep and lambs was 790,000 head, valued at $60 million. Wyoming ranked
third nationally in market sheep and lambs and also for breeding sheep
and lambs. Breeding sheep inventory in Wyoming declined 13 percent in 1994.
Wyoming again ranked second nationally in wool production. The total value
of production for all livestock and livestock products in 1994 was $463
million."3
"The major crop producing areas in Wyoming are located in the Southeast,
the Big Horn Basin and Wind River Basin. Hay, sugarbeets, and barley were
the leading cash crops in Wyoming from 1990 through 1994. The total value
of all 1994 crops produced in Wyoming was $289 million, down 7 percent
from 1993. The decrease was primarily due to an 8 percent drop in the value
of the 1994 hay production to $170 million. The value of the barley crop
in 1994 was $23 million, down 11 percent from 1993. Wyoming ranked eighth
in sugarbeet production, ninth in dry bean production, and tenth in barley
and spring wheat production."3
Pesticides play a major role in maintaining agricultural values in Wyoming.
To estimate 1994 pesticide usage on the major agricultural commodities
produced in Wyoming, a survey was conducted in the winter of 1995. Information
from this survey will be valuable when estimating the impact on agricultural
production of Environmental Protection Agency proposals to restrict or
remove certain pesticides from the market.
This survey was a cooperative effort by the University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service, the Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences and the Department of Agricultural Economic of the College of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Wyoming Agricultural Statistics Service (WASS) and the Wyoming Department of Agriculture. The project was funded by the National Agricultral Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
The questionnaire for the 1994 Wyoming Pesticide Use Survey was originally
designed in 1979 and was amended in 1983 and further modified in 1994 by
the University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service, the Department
of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences and the Department of Agricultural
Economic of the College of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Wyoming
Agricultural Statistics Service (WASS) and the Wyoming Department of Agriculture.
Survey questionnaires were sent to 2,500 producers randomly selected by
the WASS. A reminder letter was sent two weeks later to those who had not
yet returned their questionnaires. A second questionnaire was sent two
weeks later to those who had not responded to the reminder letter. A phone
call was then made to a sample of those who had not responded to the second
reminder letter. Of the 2,500 questionnaires mailed, 1,562 were returned
as completed (62.5 percent).
The WASS does not report on total acreage of range and pasture land
in Wyoming. Therefore, acreage for range and pasture lands in this survey
does not reflect statewide projections. Pesticide usage on range and pasture
lands was often reported as being "spot treated" without giving the actual
acreage of each "spot". In this case, we recorded the entire acreage of
range and pasture land that was so treated.
Projected acres for crop lands receiving pesticide applications were
based on total acres planted to those crops as reported in the 1994 Wyoming
Agricultural Statistics. Projected number of cattle, sheep, and hogs that
received pesticide applications were also based on total number head as
reported in the 1994 Wyoming Agricultural Statistics. Projected number
of horses receiving pesticide applications, however, were based on data
from the United States Equine Marketing Association concerning Wyoming's
1989 horse population.
This survey is divided into two sections: 1) pesticide use on crops
including alfalfa, barley, dry beans, corn, oats, sugar beets, wheat, and
range and pasture lands; and 2) pesticide use on livestock including cattle,
horses, sheep, and swine. In cases where one pesticide was used in combination
with another, each was recorded separately. This resulted in double counting
of some acres that were treated with certain kinds of pesticides (e.g.,
herbicides). Such double counting also occurred when multiple pesticide
applications were made.
Producers were asked to provide information on all pesticide usage,
including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. In addition, they were
asked to report the number of acres and/or livestock treated with a specific
pesticide. An "other" category was also provided for those who used alternate
means of control.
Contents of this survey resulted from information reported and are not
to be implied as recommendations from the University of Wyoming Cooperative
Extension Service. A copy of the survey questionnaire is available upon
request.
Results from the survey questionnaires are presented in tables 1-19. Pesticides are listed by common name.
Summary of 1994 Wyoming Pesticide Use on Specific Crops
The figures reported in this section are statewide projections. These figures were computed by obtaining the percentage of acres reported that were treated with a specific pesticide. This percentage was then multiplied by the total acres of the specific crop planted in the state to obtain the statewide projection (Table 1).
Pesticide Use on Alfalfa. A total of 36 pesticide active ingredients were applied to alfalfa. Fourteen were insecticides and 22 were herbicides. No fungicide applications were reported. Carbofuran was the insecticide that was used the most, having been applied to 81,018 acres. Most of this was applied by air by custom applicators. Picloram was applied to 8,127 acres and represented the most used herbicide. Since picloram is toxic to alfalfa these acres were probably spot sprayed acres for Canada thistle or other difficult to control perennials. All of the picloram was applied by ground by the land owner (Table 2).
Pesticide Use on Barley. A total of 22 pesticide active ingredients were applied to barley. Three were insecticides and 19 were herbicides. No fungicide applications were reported. The insecticide disulfoton was used the most, having been applied to 443 acres. All of the disulfoton was applied by air, mostly by custom applicators. Triallate was applied to 34,914 acres and represented the most use herbicide. Most of the triallate was applied by ground. About ½ was applied by custom applicators (Table 3).
Pesticide Use on Sugarbeets. A total of 19 pesticide active ingredients were applied to sugarbeets. Seven were insecticides, 10 were herbicides and 2 were fungicides. The insecticide terbufos was used the most, having been applied to 31,462 acres. All of the disulfoton was applied by ground, mostly by the land owner. Phenmedipham plus desmedipham was applied to 32,073 acres and represented the most use herbicide. Most of the herbicide was applied by ground by the land owner (Table 4).
Pesticide Use on Dry Beans. A total of 26 pesticide active ingredients were applied to dry beans. Five were fungicides, 13 were herbicides, 7 were insecticides and one was a bactericide,. The fungicide captan was used the most, having been applied to 626 acres. Custom applicators applied 50% of the captan. The insecticide phorate was used the most, having been applied to 810 acres. Custom applicators applied 40% of the phorate with 80% applied by ground and 20% by air. Ethalfluralin was applied to 21,408 acres and represented the most use herbicide. All of the herbicide was applied by ground by the land owner (Table 5).
Pesticide Use on Corn. A total of 36 pesticide active ingredients were applied to corn. Two were fungicides, 21 were herbicides and 13 were insecticides. The fungicide captan was used the most, having been applied to 968 acres. All of the captan was applied by ground, by the land owner. Dicamba was applied to 23,328 acres and represented the most use herbicide. Custom applicators applied 26% of the dicamba with 93% applied by ground sprayers. The insecticide dimethoate was used the most, having been applied to 2,640 acres. Custom applicators applied 71% of the dimethoate with 21% applied by ground and 79% by air (Table 6).
Pesticide Use on Oats. A total of 18 pesticide active ingredients were applied to oats, one fungicide, 13 herbicides and 4 insecticides. The fungicide maneb was applied to 2,173 acres. All of the maneb was applied by ground, by the land owner. 2,4-D was applied to 13,200 acres and represented the most use herbicide. Custom applicators applied 23% of the 2,4-D with 86% applied by ground, 7% by air and 7% by irrigation. The insecticide disulfoton was used the most, having been applied to 968 acres. All of the disulfoton was applied by air, by land owner (Table 7).
Pesticide Use on Wheat. A total of 25 pesticide active ingredients were applied to wheat; two fungicides, 18 herbicides and 5 insecticides. The fungicides captan and maneb were applied to less than 1% of the acres. 2,4-D was applied to 63,428 acres and represented the most use herbicide. Custom applicators applied 47% of the 2,4-D with 84% applied by ground and 16% by air. Insecticides were applied to less than 1% of the wheat acres (Table 8).
Pesticide Use on Potatoes. A total of 14 pesticide active ingredients were applied to potatoes; 5 fungicides, 6 herbicides and 2 insecticides. The fungicide metalaxyl was applied to 253 acres. Custom applicators applied 50% of the metalaxyl with 50% applied by ground. 2,4-D was applied to 596 acres and represented the most used herbicide. 2,4-D is used as a growth regulator for skin color. All of the herbicide was applied by ground by the land owner. The insecticide esfenvalerate was used the most, having been applied to 253 acres. Custom applicators applied 50% of the esfenvalerate with 50% applied by ground and 50% by air (Table 9).
Pesticide Use on Grass Hay. A total of 5 pesticide active ingredients were applied to grass hay. Four were herbicides while malathion was the only insecticide reported. No fungicide applications were reported. Picloram was applied to 26,600 acres and represented the most used herbicide. All of the picloram was applied by air by custom applicators. Malathion was applied to 53,350 acres. All of the malathion was applied by air by custom applicators (Table 10).
Pesticide Use on Improved Pasture. Improved pasture differs from rangeland in that it has been seeded to improved grass varieties, usually for grazing livestock. The acres reported for improved pasture are survey reported acres and not total state acres. A total of 14 pesticide active ingredients were applied to improved pasture. Eleven were herbicides and 2 were insecticides. No fungicide applications were reported. Picloram was applied to 2,021 acres and represented the most used herbicide. The land owner applied 90% of the picloram with 92% applied by ground and 8% by air. Malathion was applied to 520 acres. Custom applicators applied 67% of the malathion with 33% applied by ground and 67% by air (Table 11).
Pesticide Use on Rangeland. A total of 11 herbicide active ingredients
were applied to rangeland. No fungicide or insecticide applications were
reported. Picloram was applied to 130,482 acres and represented the most
used herbicide. The land owner applied 83% of the picloram with 90% applied
by ground and 10% by air (Table 12).
The results of this survey may or may not be accurate since the accuracy of the data was dependent upon information received from the survey questionnaires.
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the total
alfalfa acres: 2,4-DB (H), 2,4-D ester (H), aldicarb (I), bacillus thuringiensis
var. thuringiensis (I), benefin (H), bifenthrine (I), bromoxynil (H), carbaryl
(I), clopyralid + 2,4-D (H), clopyralid (H), dicamba (H), dimethoate (I),
diquat (H), disulfoton (I), EPTC (H), ethalfluralin (H), fluazifop-butyl
(H), glyphosate (H), imazethapyr (H), methyl parathion (I), metribuzin
(H), metsulfuron (H), paraquat (H), parathion (I), pendimethalin (H), phosmet
(I), pronamid (H), pyrethrin (I), sethoxydim (H), terbufos (I), trifluralin
(H).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the total
barley acres: 2,4-D ester (H), 2,4-DB (H), bentazon (H), carbofuran (I),
chlopyriphos (I), clopyralid (H), diclofop-methyl (H), ethalfluralin (H),
fenoxaprop-P (H), glyphosate (H).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the total
sugarbeet acres: 2,4-D (H), carbaryl (I), carbofuran (I), glyphosate (H),
metalaxyl (F), parathion (I), phorate (I), triadimefon (F), trifluralin
(H).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the total
dry bean acres: benomyl (F), butylate (H), carbaryl (I), carboxin (F),
clopyralid (H), copper hydroxide (F), diethatyl-ethyl (H), esfenvalerate
(I), ethofumesate (H), glyphosate (H), malathion (I), maneb (F), methoxychlor
(I), parathion (I), pendimethalin (H), sethoxydim (H), streptomycin (bactericide).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the total corn acres: captan (F) + diazinon (I), carbaryl (I), carbofuran (I), clopyralid (H), dimethenamid (H), esfenvalerate (I), imazamethabenz-methyl (H), lindane (I), malathion (I), MCPA (H), metribuzin (H), parathion (I), phorate (I), picloram (H), tefluthrin (I).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the oat
acres: 2,4-D ester (H), carbofuran (I), clopyralid (H), diclofop-methyl
(H), difenzoquat metilsulfate (H), dimethoate (I), metsulfuron (H), terbufos
(I), tribenuron-methyl (H).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the wheat
acres: atrazine (H), barban (H), bromoxynil (H), captan (F), carbofuran
(I), carboxin (F), chlopyriphos (I), dicamba + glyphosate (H), difenzoquat
metilsulfate (H), disulfoton (I), malathion (I), maneb (F), MCPA (H), phorate
(I), triallate (H), tribenuron + thifensulfuron (H), tribenuron-methyl
(H).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
The following pesticides were used on less than one percent of the potatoe
acres: captan (F), carbofuran (I), glyphosate (H), phorate (I).
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide. 2,4-D is used as a growth regulator for skin color on potatoes.
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
1(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
Pesticide Use on Cattle
A total of 30 pesticides were used on cattle. Famphur and ivermectin were used more than the other pesticides on cattle. Famphur was used on 451 thousand head (33%) and ivermectin was used on 432 thousand head (31%) (Table 14).
Pesticide Use on Horses
A total of 13 pesticides were used on horses. Ivermectin was used more than the other pesticides on horses. Ivermectin was used on 4,876 head (34%) (Table 15).
Pesticide Use on Sheep
A total of 16 pesticides were used on sheep. Fenthion was used more than the other pesticides on sheep. Fenthion was used on 215 thousand head (27%) (Table 16).
Pesticide Use on Swine
A total of 9 pesticides were used on swine. Ivermectin was used more than the other pesticides on swine. Ivermectin was used on 39,831 head (78%) (Table 17).
1I = Insecticide
1I = Insecticide
1I = Insecticide
1I = Insecticide
Comparisons Between Previous Wyoming Pesticide Survey Data
Appendix A (common and trade names of pesticides)
|
|
|
| Common Name | Trade Names |
| benomyl | Benlate |
| captan | Captan |
| carboxin | Vitavax |
| chlorothalonil | Bravo |
| copper hydroxide | Blue Shield, Champ, Champion, Coppercide 50, Kocide 101 |
| maneb | Maneb |
| metalaxyl | Ridomil |
| thiabendazole | Arbortect, Mertect, Storite, TBZ, Tecto, Thibenzole |
| triadimefon | Bayleton |
| triforine | Denarin, Funginex, Saprol |
|
|
|
| Common Name | Trade Names |
| 2,4-DB | Butyrac, Butoxone |
| 2,4-D | Many |
| 2,4-D ester | Many |
| 2,4-D amine | Many |
| acetochlor | Harness, Surpass, Trophy |
| alachlor | Lasso |
| atrazine | Aatrex, Atrazine |
| barban | Carbyne |
| benefin | Balan |
| bentazon | Basagran |
| bromoxynil | Buctril |
| butylate | Sutan |
| chlorsulfuron | Glean, Telar |
| clopyralid + MCPA | CurtailM |
| clopyralid | Stinger |
| clopyralid + 2,4D | Curtail |
| cyanazine | Bladex |
| cycloate | Ro-Neet |
| dicamba + glyphosate | Fallow Master |
| dicamba | Banvel |
| diclofop methyl | Hoelon |
| diethatyl ethyl | Antor |
| difenzoquat metilsulfate | Avenge |
| dimethenamid | Frontier |
| diquat | Reglone, Reglox, Reward, Diquat Herbicide, Aquacide, Weedtrine-D |
| EPTC | Eptam |
| ethalfluralin | Sonalan |
| ethofumesate | Nortron |
| fenoxaprop-P | Bugle, Option, Option II, Whip 360 |
| fluazifop-butyl | Fusilade |
| glyphosate | Roundup, Rodeo |
| imazamethabenz-methyl | Assert, Dagger |
| imazethapyr | Pursuit |
| MCPA | many |
| metolachlor | Dual |
| metribuzin + metolachlor | Sencor + Dual |
| metribuzin | Sencor, Lexone |
| metsulfuron | Ally, Escort |
| nicosulfuron | Accent, Accent SP |
| paraquat | Gramoxone, Cyclone |
| pendimethalin | Prowl |
| phenmedipham + desmedipham | Betamix |
| picloram | Tordon |
| pronamid | Kerb |
| sethoxydim | Poast |
| sodium chlorate | Atlacide |
| tebuthiuron | Spike |
| triallate | Fargo |
| triasulfuron | Amber |
| tribenuron + thifensulfuron | Harmony Extra |
| tribenuron-methyl | Express |
| trifluralin | Treflan |
|
|
|
| Common Name | Trade Names |
| aldicarb | Temik |
| bacillus thuringiensis | Acrobe, Agree, Design, Dipel, Vault, Vectobac, Xen Tari |
| bifenthrine | Talstar |
| carbaryl | Sevin |
| carbofuran | Furadan |
| chlopyriphos | Lock-On, Lorsban |
| coumaphos | Co-Ral |
| cresols | Cresol |
| cresylic acid, coal tar acids, coal tar phenols, or coal tar | many |
| cyfluthrin | Baythroid |
| cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide | Ammo + Butacide |
| diazinon | Dzn diazinon, Knox Out |
| dichloropropene | Telone II |
| dichlorvos | Equigard, Equigel, Horse-wormer |
| diflubenzuron | Dimilin |
| dimethoate | Cygon |
| dioxathion | Delnav |
| disulfoton | Di-Syston |
| esfenvalerate | Asana |
| famphur | Warbex |
| fenthion | Lysoff, Spotton, Tiguvon, Baytex |
| fenvalerate | Ectrin, Pydrin |
| flucythrinate | Cybolt |
| ivermectin | Ivermectin |
| lambdacyhalothrin | Karate |
| lindane | Lindane |
| malathion | Cythion |
| methoprene | Altosid, Altosid Briquets, Altosid SR-10, Apex, Diacon, Dianex, Kabat, Manta, Minex, Pharorid, Precor |
| methoxychlor | Marlate, Drexel Methoxychlor, Methoxychlor 300, Prentox Methoxychlor |
| methyl parathion | Penncap-M |
| naled | Dibrom 8 Emulsive |
| parathion | Penncap-M |
| permethrin | many |
| phenothiazine | Hypolin |
| phorate | Thimet |
| phosmet | Imidan |
| pyrethrin | Pyrenone |
| pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide + butoxypolypropylene | many |
| tefluthrin | Force |
| terbufos | Counter |
| tetrachlorvinphos | Rabon, Debantic, Appex, Dust M, Gardcide, Gardona |
| trichlorfon | Dipterex, Dylox , Proxol |
Index of Pesticides by Common Name
(F) = fungicide; (H) = herbicide; (I) = Insecticide
2,4-D (H) 6-8, 10
2,4-D amine (H) 7, 11, 12, 14-16
2,4-D ester (H) 6, 7, 10-12, 15, 16
2,4-DB (H) 6, 7
2,4-D (H) 13
acetochlor (H) 10
alachlor (H) 9, 10
aldicarb (I) 6, 8
atrazine (H) 10, 12
bacillus thuringiensis (I) 15
bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (I) 6
barban (H) 12
benefin (H) 6
benomyl (F) 9
bentazon (H) 7, 9
bifenthrine (I) 6
bromoxynil (H) 6, 7, 10-12
butylate (H) 9, 10
captan (F) 9, 10, 12, 13
captan (F) + diazinon (I) 10
carbaryl (I) 6, 8-10
carbofuran (I) 6-8, 10-13
carboxin (F) 9, 12
chlopyriphos (I) 6, 7, 10, 12, 18
chlorothalonil (F) 13
chlorsulfuron (H) 12, 15, 16
clopyralid (H) 6-12, 14-16
clopyralid + 2,4-D (H) 6, 7
clopyralid + MCPA (H) 11
copper hydroxide (F) 9
coumaphos (I) 18-21
cresols (I) 20
cresylic acid,coal tar acids,coal tar phenols,or coal tar (I) 20
cyanazine (H) 10
cycloate (H) 8
cyfluthrin (I) 18
diazinon (I) 10, 18-20
dicamba (H) 6, 7, 10-12, 15, 16
dicamba + glyphosate (H) 12
dichloropropene (I) 8
dichlorvos (I) 18, 19, 21
diclofop-methyl (H) 7, 11
diethatyl-ethyl (H) 8, 9
difenzoquat metilsulfate (H) 11, 12
diflubenzuron (I) 18
dimethenamid (H) 10
dimethoate (I) 6, 9-11, 20
dioxathion (I) 18
diquat (H) 6
disulfoton (I) 6, 7, 11, 12
EPTC (H) 6, 8-10
esfenvalerate (I) 9, 10, 13
ethalfluralin (H) 6, 7, 9
ethofumesate (H) 8, 9
famphur (I) 18
fenoxaprop-P (H) 7
fenthion (I) 18-21
fenvalerate (I) 18-20
fluazifop-butyl (H) 6
flucythrinate (I) 18
glyphosate (H) 6-13, 15, 16
imazamethabenz-methyl (H) 10
imazethapyr (H) 6
ivermectin (I) 18-21
lambda-cyhalothrin (I) 18
lindane (I) 10, 20, 21
malathion (I) 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19
maneb (F) 9, 11, 12
MCPA (H) 7, 10-12, 15
metalaxyl (F) 8, 13
methoprene (I) 18
methoxychlor (I) 9, 18-20
methyl parathion (I) 6
metolachlor (H) 9, 10, 13
metribuzin (H) 6, 10, 13
metribuzin + metolachlor (H) 13
metsulfuron (H) 6, 7, 11, 12, 14-16
naled (I) 18, 20
nicosulfuron (H) 10
paraquat (H) 6, 15, 16
parathion (I) 6, 8-10
pendimethalin (H) 6, 9, 10, 13
permethrin (I) 15, 18, 19, 21
phenmedipham + desmedipham (H) 8
phenothiazine (I) 18
phorate (I) 8-10, 12, 13
phosmet (I) 6, 18, 21
picloram (H) 6, 7, 10-16
pronamid (H) 6
pyrethrin (I) 6, 18-20
pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide + butoxypolypropylene (I) 19
sethoxydim (H) 6, 8, 9
sodium chlorate (H) 10
streptomycin (bactericide) 9
tebuthiuron (H) 15, 16
tefluthrin (I) 10
terbufos (I) 6, 8, 10, 11
tetrachlorvinphos (I) 18
thiabendazole (F) 13
triadimefon (F) 8
triallate (H) 7, 12
triasulfuron (H) 12
tribenuron + thifensulfuron (H) 12
tribenuron-methyl (H) 11, 12
trichlorfon (I) 18, 20
trifluralin (H) 6, 8, 9
2. Extension Pesticide Coordinator, Professor Agricultural Economics, Research Assistant, Associate Professor Entomology, and Professor Entomology, respectively.
3. From Wyoming Agricultural Statistics 1995, page 20. Published by: Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Wyoming. Agricultural Statistics Service, University of Wyoming, College of Agriculture.