Table 1-4. NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF REDUCED REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN FARM ANIMALS

BEEF CATTLE: not pregnant at end of breeding season, fetal/calf deaths

DAIRY CATTLE: nondetected estrus/infertile service, cystic ovarian disease

SHEEP: low lambing rate, restricted breeding season

SWINE: early embryonic mortality, lack or delay of estrus, boar infertility

HORSES: seasonality, long estrus, stallion infertility