Table 2-4. GROWTH FACTORS AND CYTOKINES IN REPRODUCTION

				Proposed Functions

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GROWTH FACTORS:

Transforming

	TGFα			mitogenic, inhibition of steroidogenesis

	TGFβ			inhibition of cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, FSH secretion, oocyte maturation

Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)	oocyte development/initiation of folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis, epididymal function

/Growth Differentiation (GDF)

Epidermal (EGF)			mitogenic, inhibition of steroidogenesis, embryonic development

Fibroblast (FGF)			mitogenic, inhibition of steroidogenesis, angiogenesis

Nerve (NGF)			gonadal sympathetic function

Platelet-Derived (PDGF)		mitogenic

Insulin-Like

	IGF-I (somatomedin C), -II	mitogenic, steroidogenesis, LH receptor induction

Hepatocyte (HGF)			placental development

Vascular Endothelial (VEGF)		angiogenesis

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CYTOKINES:

Interleukins

	IL-1α, -1β		luteinization inhibitor, spermatogonial growth, GnRH inhibitor, implantation, postovulatory rise in body temperature

	IL-2			steroidogenesis

	IL-3			placental growth

	IL-4 through 12		?

Interferons

	IFNτ			pregnancy recognition (ruminants)

	IFNγ			autoimmune luteolysis

Tumor Necrosis Factors

	TNFα (cachectin)		fetal resorption, steroidogenesis, menstruation, ovulation

	TNFβ			?

Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSFs)	placental growth, antiabortifacient

Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)	implantation, sperm motility, ovulation, parturition

Leukemia-Inhibitory Factor (LIF)	implantation

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