Table 2-6. PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATORS OF SECOND-MESSENGER SYSTEMS


Agent					Action


Fluoride					activates Gs
Cholera toxin				inhibits GTPase activity of Gs
Forskolin					activates adenyl cyclase
Pertussis toxin				inhibits Gi
Methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine)		inhibit phosphodiesterase
Phorbol esters				activate protein kinase C
Calcium ionophores				increase membrane permeability to calcium
Calcium chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetate)	bind/inactivate calcium