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UW Extension Researchers Test Ancient Grains Development in Wyoming

man at a stall in a farmers' market
Blake McGee, a University of Wyoming associate professor of music, sells pizza dough made from first grains in addition to his baked goods at a Laramie farmers market this past summer. (UW Photo)

Here’s how one University of Wyoming Extension educator surveying malting barley markets in the Big Horn Basin, and an agricultural economics scientist browsing a table recipe book in France, came to the same conclusion.

Their idea to bring ancient grains to Wyoming began 4,750 miles apart, then converged on UW research and extension centers and in producer fields to determine if the grains could survive Wyoming’s persnickety climate zones -- and, if grown, whether any products would interest consumers.

Emmer, einkorn and spelt are called ancient grains because evidence shows them being grown more than 10,000 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia during the first agricultural revolution -- and later fueling pharaoh’s Egypt thousands of years later. Modern New World producers bypassed them because an extra step is needed to remove their hulls, increasing costs. Grains not needing that extra step were developed.

Now, rising consumer interest in niche foods has farmers and scientists taking a new look at these grains.

Senior research scientist Tom Foulke was in a chateau in Blois, France, looking at that recipe book while he was shepherding UW students during an annual international course.

Emmer, spelt and einkorn are the world’s first domesticated cereal crops.

“I’m looking at the book and saying, ‘Why aren’t we growing this?’ We are always looking for crops to grow here,” Foulke says. “The question for me came up that maybe there’s a business here, maybe there’s an opportunity, and it evolved.”

man installing machinery
Mike Moore installs a dehuller machine at UW’s Powell Research and Extension Center. Seeds of first grains require an extra step of de-hulling prior to processing. Moore is director of the Wyoming Seed Certification Service based at the center. (UW Photo)

Meanwhile, agriculture and horticulture educator Caitlin Youngquist, based in Washakie County, experimented growing a small amount of emmer and spelt in the bountiful Big Horn Basin.

“My interest in some of these first grains or early grains started as I was listening to barley growers express concern about MillerCoors cutting some of their contracts,” she says. “I wanted to look for other crops that could be easily grown with the existing equipment and expertise we have in the basin.”

Named First Grains after the first domesticated cereal crops, the project grew into crop and nutrition research and marketing efforts -- Youngquist and agronomy and cropping systems specialist Carrie Eberle in crops; Assistant Professor Jill Keith in the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences studying nutrition; and Foulke exploring potential products and markets, trying to guide a project a public university just isn’t built for.

The program is end-to-end (vertically integrated), from producers raising the grain to bakers and brewers selling products made with these grains. If it’s successful, private industry would then take over.

The goal is to build a niche industry in Wyoming’s agricultural economy.

“The public-private partnership is something the university has not done before,” Foulke says. “The university normally licenses patents and does the research, but to actually have the whole system under one roof is a little bit different, and that’s been a challenge.”

The process is backward from business as usual when determining what crops to research.

“In the past, we’ve looked at it from what crops we have and how well they will grow here,” he says. “As an economist, I’m trying to look at this and say what crops we can sell, how are they grown and how well they work.”

A better bottom line usually entices farmers to consider changing crops. Foulke says getting the premium for growing a niche crop is one of his goals.

The grains have been grown on UW research and extension centers near Powell, Sheridan and Lingle, and by five producers in the state. The grains are grown under dryland and irrigated conditions, no till and conventional, and organic and non-organic to find out if they will grow in Wyoming and how best to grow them.

Youngquist says how the crops could fit into current crop rotations also is being studied.

man sitting beside a grain sack
UW senior research scientist Tom Foulke poses with a sack of emmer malted by the Wyoming Malting Co. in Pine Bluffs. (UW Photo)

“What some of the research shows is they are not competitive with our modern wheats in terms of yields under a high-input system,” Youngquist says. “But they can be quite competitive under a low-input system, and so they fit well into a potential niche.”

Big Horn Basin harvests burst with commodity crops and seed, but not many niche crops that go into an organic or health food market.

“The ancient grains have a potential if there’s enough market development, both locally and regionally, for this product. There’s a great increase in products that are labeled with ancient grains,” Youngquist says.

Some Wyoming bakers have experimented with using the grains, as have some microbreweries.

Ancient grains, such as einkorn and emmer, aren’t going to take over malting barley acres in the basin, she says. “But it does provide some other options for growers who want to grow something different or want to grow something that goes into a local food product or local breweries they could maybe sell to at a premium or as a niche-marketed product.”

The dehulling problem has been solved, opening the door to product development. A dehuller has been purchased and installed at UW’s Powell Research and Extension Center.

The dehuller is the center of production processing for these grains, Foulke says.

“All of the products, whether for bread or for beer, need dehulled seed,” he says. “No dehulling capacity was available in a three-state area. With this new machine, the project can start building the niche industry and take the first steps toward privatization.”

 

 
Contact Us

Institutional Communications

Bureau of Mines Building, Room 137

Laramie

Laramie, WY 82071

Phone: (307) 766-2929

Email: cbaldwin@uwyo.edu

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