A - acre
Al - active ingredient
ABDOMEN - the posterior of the three main body divisions
ABORTIVE - arrested in development; rudimentary
ACRE - 43,560 square feet or 0.4047 hectare
ACTIVE INGREDIENT - the amount of toxicant present in insecticide, usually expressed as % or lb/gal
ACUTE ANGLE - an angle less than 90'; pointed
AEDEAGUS - the intromittent organ of male insects; "penis"
ALPINE - growing or living in high altitudes above timberline
ANAL - pertaining to the last abdominal segment (which bears the anus); the posterior basal part (for example, of the wing)
ANTENNAE - (sing., antenna) a pair of segmented appendages located on the head above the mouthparts and sensory in function
ANTERIOR - front; in front of
APEX - (pl., apices) the end of a structure farthest from its base or point of attachment; "tip" of a structure
APICAL - at the end, tip or outermost part
APPENDAGE - any part, piece or organ attached by a joint to the body or to any other main structure
ARTHROPOD - any member of a large phylum (Arthropoda) of invertebrate animals with jointed legs and a segmented body, such as insects, crustaceans, spiders, centipedes and trilobites
AUDITORY ORGAN - any structure that functions as an ear; in Orthoptera, specialized structures covered by a tense membrane on the anterior tibiae or the base of the abdomen
BASAL - at the base; near the point of attachment (of an appendage)
BILOBATE - divided into two lobes
BOREAL - of or pertaining to the northern zone of plant and animal life lying just below the tundra
CALCAREOUS - of, like or containing calcium carbonate, calcium or lime
CANNIBALISTIC - feeding on other individuals of the same species
CARINA - (pl., carinae) an elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute
CERCUS - (pi., cerci) an appendage (generally paired) near the end of the abdomen, often segmented but sometimes not and often important in insect classification
CLEFT - split; partly divided longitudinally
CLUBBED - thickening gradually toward the tip
CLYPEUS -the lower portion of the face between the front and the labrum
CONICAL - cylindrical, with a flat base, tapering to a point
CONCAVE-curving inward, like the inside surface of a sphere
CONVEX - curving out, like the outside surface of a sphere
COSTAL FIELD - that region of the tegmina adjacent to the anterior margin or costa
COSTAL MARGIN - the anterior margin of a wing
COSTAL VEIN - a longitudinal wing vein, usually forming the anterior margin of the wing
COXA - (pl., coxae) the basal segment of the leg
CRENULATE - having the margin cut into rounded scallops
CROP - the dilated posterior portion of the foregut, which serves to receive and hold food prior to its slower passage through the rest of the digestive tract
CUCURBITS - any plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) e.g., squash, melon, pumpkin, etc.
CYLINDRICAL - in the form of a cylinder or tube
DIAPAUSE - a delay in development which facilitates survival during unfavorable times; roughly equivalent to hibernation
DIMORPHISM - the occurrence of two types of individuals in the same species, distinct in coloring, size, etc. Sexual dimorphism is differences between sexes of the same species
DISC - somwhat flat circular part or area; central upper portion or central portion, usually of wing
DISTAL - toward the end farthest from the point of attachment on the body; near or toward the free end or apex of any appendage
DORSAL - of or belonging to the upper surface
DORSUM - the back, or top side
ECLOSION - hatching of eggs
EGG BED - sites where large numbers of egg pods have been deposited; often characterized by dry sandy soil
EGG POD - an egg capsule
EPIZOOTIC - epidemic or outbreak of disease
EQUIDISTANT - equally distant from any two or more points
FECUNDITY - number of eggs or offspring produced; an expression of reproductive potential
FEMUR - (pl., femora) thigh; usually the stoutest segment of the insect leg, connected to the body by a coxa and trochanter and bearing a tibia at the distal end
FORB - a broad-leaved flowering plant as distinguished from the grasses, sedges, etc.
FORBIVOROUS - forb-eating
FOVEOLAE - (sing., foveola) small depressions or pits located below the vertex
FRONT - the upper anterior portion of the head, below the vertex and above the clypeus, including the area between the antennae bases
FRONTAL COSTA - broad prominent vertical ridge on front of head between compound eyes and running down toward clypeal margin, often bearing median ocellus
FURCULA - (pl., furculae) a forked process; paired structure at the base of the supraanal plate of some grasshoppers, often distinctive in size and shape and then useful in classification of closely related species
G - gram
GENITALIA - the sexual organs and associated structures
GRAM - 0.03527 oz.
GRAMINIVOROUS - grass-eating
GRASS - any of a family (Gramineae) of plants with long, narrow leaves, jointed stems, flowers in spikelets and seed-like fruit, as wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.
HA - hectare
HABITAT - the region or environment that an organism naturally inhabits
INCISION - any cut into a margin or through a surface
INSTAR - developmental stage between molts e.g., the first instar is the stage between the egg and the first molt
INTEGUMENT - the outer covering or cuticle of the insect body
INTER - prefix meaning among or between
INTERCALARY VEIN - short vein sometimes present on tegmen of grasshoppers, between median and cubitus veins
INVERTEBRATE - an animal without a backbone
KEEL - an elevated ridge or carina
KG - kilogram
KILOGRAM - 1000 grams or 2.2046 lbs.
KNEE - the point of junction of the femur and the tibia
LABRUM - upper lip
LATERAL - relating, pertaining, or attached, to the side
LATERAL CARINA - (pl., carinae) in grasshoppers, carinae or ridges on pronotum extending along each lateral margin of the dorsum
LATERAL LOBES - side portions of pronotum which cover sides of prothorax
LB -pound
LONGITUDINAL - lengthwise of the body or of an appendage; in the direction of the long axis
MARGINAL FIELD - the anterior area of a wing or tegmen
MARL - a mixture of clay, sand, and limestone in varying proportions that is soft and crumbly
MEDI - prefix meaning middle
MEDIAN - in or at the middle; of or pertaining to the middle
MEDIAN CARINA - any keel or ridge set medially on a part of an insect; of the head, a ridge in center of vertex; of the pronotum, a ridge along the middle
MESOSTERNUM - bottom or ventral portion of the mesothorax
METAMORPHOSIS - a change in form during development
METASTERNUM - bottom or ventral portion of metathorax
METAZONA - portion of the pronotum behind principal sulcus
METER - 3.2808 linear ft.; a square meter is 1.196 sq. yd.
MOLT - the process of shedding the integument
MONOPHAGOUS - feeding upon only one kind of food; this is usually interpreted to indicate feeding on one species of plant
NOCTURNAL - active at night
NOTCH - (pl., notches) a convave or V-shaped cut or incision in an edge or across a surface
NYMPH - a young stage of insects with incomplete metamorphosis; e.g., an immature grasshopper
OBLIQUE - slanting; any direction between perpendicular and horizontal
OBTUSE ANGLE - an angle greater than 90' and less than 180'; not pointed
OCELLUS - (pl., ocelli) a simple eye
OLIGOPHAGOUS - feeding upon a limited variety of food; feeding upon only a few species of plants, usually within a single family
OMNIVOROUS - eating any sort of food, especially both animal and vegetable food
OPAQUE - not letting light pass through; not transparent or translucent
ORTHOPTERA - an ordinal group of insects that includes grasshoppers, cockroaches, crickets, katydids, praying mantids and others
OUNCE - 28.3495 grams
OVIPOSITOR - external egg laying apparatus of female insects
PHYLUM - (pi., phyla) any of the broad, principal divisions of the animal kingdom
POLYPHAGOUS - eating many kinds of food, usually plant species from several families
POSTERIOR - hind or rear
POUND - 16 oz. or 453.59 grams
PRONOTUM - shield-like cover of the prothorax
PROSTERNUM - bottom portion of prothorax; forebreast
PROXIMAL - nearer to the body, or to the base of an appendage
PROZONA - portion of the pronotum in front of the principal sulcus
PUNCTATE - with impressed dots or punctures
QUADRATE - square or nearly square; rectangular
QUADRILATERAL - a four-sided area
RADIATE VEINS - the longitudinal veins spreading fan-like in the anal field of the hind wings
RIGHT ANGLE - an angle of 90'; an angle made by the meeting of two straight lines perpendicular to each other
SEDGE - any of a family (Cyperaceae) of grass-like plants often found on wet ground or in water, having usually triangular, solid stems, three rows of narrow, pointed leaves and minute flowers borne in spikelets
SPATULATE - spoon-shaped; broad and with a depression apically, and narrowed basally
SPECIES - groups of actually (or potentially) interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups
SPINE - a thorn-like outgrowth of the integument, usually associated with the leg segments
SPUR - of a leg segment: a movable "spine," usually larger than most spines and located at the apex of the segment; of wing: dark marking running toward base from band, near front of wing
SPURIOUS VEIN - certain folds or thickenings in the wing surface which resemble veins so nearly as to be readily mistaken for them
STRIDULATE - to make a sound by rubbing two structures or surfaces together
SUBAPICAL - near the apex
SUBGENITAL PLATE - a plate covering the genital opening from beneath, often scoop-shaped
SUBSPECIES - a geographically defined aggregate of local populations which differs from other such subdivisions of the species
SULCUS - (pl., sulci) a groove or furrow
SUPRAANAL PLATE - a more or less triangular-shaped plate over the anus
SYMMETRICAL - having the two halves shaped as mirror images of each other
TARSUS - (pi., tarsi) the foot; the jointed appendage attached at the apex of the tibia, bearing the claws
TEGMEN - (pl., tegmina) the thickened or leathery front wing of an orthopteran
THORAX - the body region behind the head, which bears the legs and wings
TIBIA - (pi., tibiae) the fourth segment of the leg, between the femur and tarsus
TRANSVERSE - broader than long; running across
TROCHANTER - the second segment of the leg, between the coxa and femur
TRUNCATE - cut squarely across; shortened
TUBERCLE - a small knob-like or rounded protuberance
VENATION - the complete system of veins of a wing
VENTRAL - pertaining to the undersurface
VERTEX - the top of the head, including the region between the eyes
VERTICAL - perpendicular, or at a right angle, to the plane of the horizon; upright; straight up and down
WING DISC - the central area of a wing
WING PADS - the undeveloped wings of nymphs
YARD - 3 linear ft. or 0.9144 m; a square yard is 9 sq. ft. or 0.8361 sq. m.
