Publications with PDF files

Benkman, C. W., and T. L. Parchman. 2009. Coevolution between crossbills and black pine: the importance of competitors, forest area, and resource stability. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:942-953. Contact me for reprint.

Snowberg, L. K., and C. W. Benkman 2009. Mate choice based on a key ecological performance trait. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:762-769. Contact me for reprint.

Benkman, C. W., J. W. Smith, P. C. Keenan, T. L. Parchman, and L. Santisteban. 2009. A new species of red crossbill (Fringillidae: Loxia) from Idaho. Condor 111:169-176. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2008. Seed predation and selection exerted by a seed predator influence subalpine tree densities. Ecology 89:2960-2966. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2008. A seed predator drives the evolution of a seed dispersal mutualism. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. 275:1917-1925. PDF.

Keenan, P. C., and C. W. Benkman. 2008. Call imitation and call modification in Red Crossbills. Condor 110:93-101. PDF

Parchman, T. L., and C. W. Benkman. 2008. The geographic selection mosaic for ponderosa pine and crossbills: a tale of two squirrels. Evolution 62:348-360. Contact me for reprint. Editor's Choice writeup of paper PDF.

Benkman, C. W., A. M. Siepielski, and T. L. Parchman. 2008. The local introduction of strongly interacting species and the loss of geographic variation in species and species interactions. Molecular Ecology 17:395-404. Contact me for reprint.

Benkman, C. W. 2007. Red crossbill types in Colorado: their ecology, evolution and distribution. Colorado Birds 41:153-163. PDF

Parchman, T. L., C. W. Benkman, and E. T. Mezquida. 2007. Coevolution between Hispaniolan crossbills and pine: Does more time allow for greater phenotypic escalation at lower latitude? Evolution 61:2142-2153. Contact me for reprint.

Snowberg, L. K., and C. W. Benkman. 2007. The role of marker traits in the assortative mating within red crossbills, Loxia curvirostra complex. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20:1924-1932. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2007. Extreme environmental variation sharpens selection that drives the evolution of a mutualism. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 274:1799-1805. PDF. Supplementary figure and tables can be found here: Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 2.

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2007. Selection by a pre-dispersal seed predator constrains the evolution of avian seed dispersal in pines. Functional Ecology 21:611-618. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2007. Convergent patterns in the selection mosaic for two North American bird-dispersed pines. Ecological Monographs 77:203-220. PDF The supplements for this paper can be located here. PDF for an article in Science that highlights this paper and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution.

Smith, J. W., and C. W. Benkman 2007. A coevolutionary arms race causes ecological speciation in crossbills. American Naturalist 169:455-465. PDF. PDF of appendix

Mezquida, E. T., S. J. Slater, and C. W. Benkman. 2006. Sage-grouse and indirect interactions: potential implications of coyote control on sage-grouse populations. Condor 108:747-759. PDF

Edelaar, P., and C. W. Benkman. 2006. Replicated population divergence caused by localised coevolution? A test of three hypotheses in the red crossbill-lodgepole pine system. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19:1651-1659. PDF

Parchman, T. L., C. W. Benkman, and S. C. Britch. 2006. Patterns of genetic variation in the adaptive radiation of New World crossbills (Aves: Loxia). Molecular Ecology 15:1873-1887. PDF

Benkman, C. W., J. S. Colquitt, W. R. Gould, T. Fetz, P. C. Keenan, and L. Santisteban. 2005. Can selection by an ectoparasite drive a population of red crossbills from its adaptive peak? Evolution 59:2025-2032. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2005. A role for habitat area in the geographic mosaic of coevolution between red crossbills and lodgepole pine. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:1042-1049. PDF

Mezquida, E. T., and C. W. Benkman. 2005. The geographic selection mosaic for squirrels, crossbills and Aleppo pine. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:348-357. PDF

Benkman, C. W. and A. M. Siepielski. 2004. A keystone selective agent? Pine squirrels and the frequency of serotiny in lodgepole pine. Ecology 85:2082-2087. PDF

Siepielski, A. M., and C. W. Benkman. 2004. Interactions among moths, crossbills, squirrels and lodgepole pine in a geographic selection mosaic. Evolution 58:95-101. PDF

Benkman, C. W., T. L. Parchman, A. Favis, and A. M. Siepielski. 2003. Reciprocal selection causes a coevolutionary arms race between crossbills and lodgepole pine. American Naturalist 162: 182-194. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 2003. Divergent selection drives the adaptive radiation of crossbills. Evolution 57:1176-1181. PDF Editors' Choice PDF

Parchman, T. L., and C. W. Benkman. 2002. Diversifying coevolution between crossbills and black spruce on Newfoundland. Evolution 56:1663-1672. PDF

Benkman, C. W., W. C. Holimon, and J. W. Smith. 2001. The influence of a competitor on the geographic mosaic of coevolution between crossbills and lodgepole pine. Evolution 55:282-294. PDF

Bardwell, E., C. W. Benkman, and W. R. Gould. 2001. Adaptive geographic variation in Western Scrub-jays. Ecology 82:2617-2627. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1999. The selection mosaic and diversifying coevolution etween crossbills and lodgepole pine. American Naturalist 154:S75-S91. PDF

Smith, J. W., C. W. Benkman, and K. Coffey. 1999. The use and mis-use of public information by foraging red crossbills. Behavioral Ecology 10:54-62. PDF

Coffey, K., C. W. Benkman, and B. G. Milligan. 1999. The adaptive significance of spines on pine cones. Ecology 80:1221-1229. PDF

Holimon, W. C., C. W. Benkman, and M. F. Willson. 1998. The importance of mature conifers to red crossbills in southeast Alaska. Forest Ecology and Management 102:167-172. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1997. Feeding behavior, flock-size dynamics, and variation in sexual selection in crossbills. Auk 114:163-178. PDF

Benkman, C. W., and R. E. Miller. 1996. Morphological evolution in response to fluctuating selection. Evolution 50:2499-2504. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1996. Are the ratios of bill crossing morphs in crossbills the result of frequency-dependent selection? Evolutionary Ecology 10:119-126. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1995. The impact of tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus) on limber pine seed dispersal adaptations. Evolution 49:585-592. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1995. Wind dispersal capacity of pine seeds, with comments on the evolution of different seed dispersal modes in pines. Oikos 73: 221-224. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1994. Comments on the ecology and status of the Hispaniolan crossbill (Loxia leucoptera megaplaga), with recommendations for its conservation. Caribbean Journal of Science 30:250-254. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1993. Adaptation to single resources and the evolution of crossbill (Loxia) diversity. Ecological Monographs 63:305-325. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1993. Logging, conifers, and the conservation of crossbills. Conservation Biology 7:473-479. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1993. The evolution, ecology, and decline of the Red Crossbill of Newfoundland. American Birds 47:225-229. PDF

Benkman, C. W. and A. K. Lindholm. 1991. The advantages and evolution of a morphological novelty. Nature 349:519-520. PDF News & Views PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1991. Predation, seed size partitioning, and the evolution of body size in seed-eating finches. Evolutionary Ecology 5:118-127. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1990. Foraging rates and the timing of crossbill reproduction. Auk 107:376-386. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1989. On the evolution and ecology of island populations of crossbills. Evolution 43:1324-1330. PDF Writeup in TREE by Stuart Pimm PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1989. Intake rate maximization and the foraging behaviour of crossbills. Ornis Scandinavica 20:65-68. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1989. Breeding opportunities, foraging rates, and parental care in White-winged Crossbills. Auk 106:483-485. PDF

Benkman, C. W., and H. R. Pulliam. 1988. The comparative feeding rates of North American sparrows and finches. Ecology 69:1195-1199. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1988. Seed handling efficiency, bill structure, and the cost of bill specialization for crossbills. Auk 105:715-719. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1988. Why White-winged Crossbills do not defend feeding territories. Auk 105:370-371. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1987. Food profitability and the foraging ecology of crossbills. Ecological Monographs 57:251-267. PDF

Benkman, C. W. 1987. Crossbill foraging behavior, bill structure, and patterns of food profitability. Wilson Bulletin 99:351-368. PDF

Benkman, C. W., R. P. Balda, and C. C. Smith. 1984. Adaptations for seed dispersal and the compromises due to seed predation in limber pine. Ecology 65:632-642. PDF